Email this article A Simple Image Encoding Method with Data Lossless Information Hiding
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a simple reversible data hiding method in the spatial domain for block truncation coding (BTC) compressed grayscale images. The BTC method compresses a block of a grayscale image to a bitmap and a pair of quantization numbers. The proposed method first embeds secret bits into a block by changing the order of those two quantization numbers. The compression rate is not enlarged by this embedding scheme. To further improve the hiding capacity, the proposed method embeds the secret bits into the bitmap of the block by exploiting the correlation characteristic of neighboring blocks’ bitmap in natural images. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves very good hiding capacity at low compression rate.
Keywords
References
[1] C. C. Chang, T. S. Chen, and L. Z. Chung, “A steganographic method based upon JPEG and quantization table modification,” Inf. Sci., vol. 141, no. 1, pp. 123-138, Mar. 2002.
[2] R. M. Chao, H. C. Wu, C. C. Lee, and Y. P. Chu, “A novel image data hiding scheme with diamond encoding,” EURASIP Journal on Inf. Security, vol. 2009, pp. 1-9, 2009.
[3] T. S. Chen, C. C. Chang, and M. S. Hwang, “A virtual image cryptosystem based on vector quantization,” IEEE Trans. Image Process, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 1485-1488, Oct. 1998.
[4] Y. K. Chiang, P. Tsai, “Steganography using overlapping codebook partition,” Signal Processing, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 1203-1215, May 2008.
[5] I. J. Cox, J. Kilian, F. T. Leighton, and T. Shamoon, “Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia,” IEEE Trans. Image Process, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 1673-1687, Dec. 1997.
[6] E .J. Delp, O. R. Mitchell, “Image compression using block truncation coding,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 1335-1341, Sep. 1979.
[7] J. Y. Hsiao, J. F. Chen, and J. M. Chang, “An adaptive reversible information hiding method based on searchorder coding for VQ-compressed images,” The Imaging Sci. Journal, vol. 57, no. 1, pp.37-45, 2009.
[8] Y. P. Hsieh, C. C. Chang, and L. J. Liu, “A two-codebook combination and three-phase block matching based imagehiding scheme with high embedding capacity,” Pattern Recognition, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 3104-3113, Oct. 2008.
[9] C. C. Lee, W. H. Ku, and S. Y. Huang, “A new steganographic scheme based on vector quantization and search order coding,” IET Image Processing, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 243-248, 2009.
[10] C. C. Lin, W. L. Tai, and C. C. Chang, “Multilevel reversible data hiding based on histogram modification of difference images,” Pattern Recognition, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 3582-3591, Dec. 2008.
[11] Y. C. Lin, C. C. Wang, “Digital images watermarking by vector quantization,” In Proceedings of National Computer Symposium, Taiwan, pp. 76-87, Nov. 13, 1999.
[12] Y. Linde, A. Buzo, and R. M. Gray, “An algorithm for vector quantizer design,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 84-95, Jan. 1980.
[13] M. Y. Rhee, Cryptography and Secure Communication, McGraw-Hill.
[14] J. J. Shen and J. M. Ren, “A robust associative watermarking technique based on vector quantization,” Digital Signal Processing, vol. 20, pp. 1408-1423, 2010.
[15] S. C. Shie, S. D. Lin, and J. H. Jiang, “Visually imperceptible image hiding scheme based on vector quantization,” Inf. Processing & Management, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 495-501, 2009.
[16] J. Spaulding, H. Noda, M. N. Shirazi, and E. Kawaguchi, “BPCS steganography using EZW lossy compressed images,” Pattern Recognition Lett, vol. 23, no. 13, pp. 1579-1587, Nov. 2002.
[17] P. Tsai, Y. C. Hu, and C. C. Chang, “An image hiding technique using block truncation coding,” In Proceedings of Pacific Rim Workshop on Digital Steganography, Kitakyushu, Japan, pp, 54-64, July 2002.
[18] W. L. Tai, C. M. Yeh, and C. C. Chang, “Reversible data hiding based on histogram modification of pixel differences,” IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 906-910, June 2009.
[19] J. X. Wang and Z. M. Lu, “A path optional lossless data hiding scheme based on VQ joint neighboring coding,” Inf. Sci., vol. 179, no. 19, pp. 3332-3348, Sep. 2009.
[20] D. C. Wu and W. H. Tsai, “Data hiding in images via multiple-based number conversion and lossy compression,” IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1406-1412, Dec.1998.
[21] C. H. Yang and Y. C. Lin, “Fractal curves to improve the reversible data hiding for VQ index based on locally adaptive coding,” Journal of Visual Commun. & Image Representation, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 334-342, 2010.
Full Text: PDF