Email this article A Novel Position-based Multi-hop Broadcast Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
Abstract
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are considered as a promising scheme to actively guarantee vehicle safety, and broadcast is a key technology for warning message dissemination in VANETs. This paper proposes a novel Position-based Multi-hop Broadcast (PMB) protocol for VANETs in view of some shortcomings of existing broadcast protocols for VANETs, such as ignoring the differences of transmission range among different nodes (vehicles), and disseminating warning messages only with the help of nodes in the one-way lane, PMB calculates waiting time to select the rebroadcast nodes based on additional coverage area of adjacent nodes considering the transmission ranges of nodes together with the inter-vehicle spacing, to guarantee less nodes used to rebroadcast warning packets. Besides, it guarantees the reliability of warning message dissemination by adopting the alternative answering mechanism named implicit ACK and explicit ACK adaptively and rebroadcast packets based on nodes in the two-way lane. The simulation results show that PMB outperforms existing broadcast protocols for warning message dissemination in VANETs in terms of suppression of broadcast redundancy, real-time performance and reliability even if all nodes have different transmission ranges.
Keywords
References
[1] Hartenstein H, Laborteaux K P. A tutorial survey on vehicular ad hoc networks [J]. IEEE Communications Magazine. 2008, 46(6):164-171.
doi:10.1109/MCOM.2008.4539481
[2] Li Fan, Wang Yu. Routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey [J]. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine. June 2007, 2 (2):12-22.
doi:10.1109/MVT.2007.912927
[3] Tonguz O.K,Wisitpongphan N, Parikh J.S, et al. On the Broadcast Storm Problem in Ad hoc Wireless Networks [C]. Proc. of the 3rd International Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks and Systems (BROADNETS 2006). San Jose, California, USA, Oct.1-5, 2006:1-11.
[4] ASTM E2213-03. Standard Specification for Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Roadside and Vehicle Systems - 5 GHz Band Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications [S]. 2003.
[5] Wisitpongphan N, Tonguz O K, Parikh J S, et al. Broadcast Storm Mitigation Techniques in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks [J]. IEEE Wireless Communications. 2007, 14(6): 84-94.
doi:10.1109/MWC.2007.4407231
[6] Biswas S, Tatchikou R, Dion F. Vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communication protocols for enhancing highway traffic safety [J]. Communications Magazine. 2006, 44(1): 74-82.
doi:10.1109/MCOM.2006.1580935
[7] Costa P, Frey D, Migliavacca M, et al. Towards Lightweight Information Dissemination in Inter-Vehicular Networks [C]. Proc. of the 3rd International Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Sept. 29-29, 2006: 20-29.
[8] Ibrahim K, Weigle M.C, Abuelela M. p-IVG: Probabilistic Inter-Vehicle Geocast for Dense Vehicular Networks [C]. Proc. of the 2009 IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2009). Barcelona, Spain, April.26-29,2009:1-5.
[9] Z. Wu, D. Luo, H. Liu, et al. NPPB: A Broadcast Scheme in Dense VANETs[J]. Information Technology Journal, 2010, 9(2):247-256.
doi:10.3923/itj.2010.247.256
[10] Sangho O, Jaewon K, Marco G. Location-Based Flooding Techniques for Vehicular Emergency Messaging [C]. Proc. of the 3rd Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking & Services. San Jose, CA, USA, July 2006:1-9.
[11] L. Briesemeister, L. Sch¨afers, and G. Hommel. Disseminating messages among highly mobile hosts basedon inter-vehicle communication[C]. in IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symposium, Oct. 2000:522–527.
[12] S. Ni, Y Tseng, Y Chen, et al. The broadcast storm problem in a mobile ad hoc network[C] In Proc. ACM Intern. Conf on Mobile Comput. and Networking (MOBICOM), Seattle, USA, 1999:151-162.
[13] H. Lim and C. Kim. Multicast tree construction and flooding in wireless ad hoc networks[C]. In Proceedings of the ACM International Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems (MSWIM), ACM Press, Boston, UK., Aug.20, 2000:61-68.
doi:10.1145/346855.346865
[14] W. Peng and X. Lu. AHBP: An Efficient Broadcast Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks[J]. J. Comput Sci. &Techno1, 2001, 16(2):114-125.
[15] W. Peng and X. Lu. Efficient broadcast in mobile ad hoc networks using connected dominating sets[J]. Journal of Software - Beijing, China, 2001, 12(4):529-536.
[16] J. Sucec and I. Marsic. An efficient distributed network-wide broadcast algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks[R]. CAIP Technical Report 248 – Rutgers University, September 2000.
[17] J. Yoo, H-ryeol Gil, C-kwon Kim. INK: Implicit Neighbor Knowledge Routing in Ad Hoc Networks[C], In Proc. IEEE VTC 2003-spring, Apr. 2003:1826-1830.
[18] C. Lochert, M. Mauve, H. F¨ußler, et al. Geographic Routing in City Scenarios[C]. In ACMSIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review (MC2R), Jan. 2005, 9(1):69-72.
[19] Wei Lou, Jie Wu. A Cluster-Based Backbone Infrastructure for Broadcasting in MANETs[C]. In Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing, April 22-26, 2003.
[20] Fan P. Improving Broadcasting Performance by Clustering with Stability for Inter-Vehicle Communication[C]. Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC2007-Spring. IEEE 65th, 2007:2491-2495.
[21] Yang Yao-Tsung, Chou Li-Der. Position-Based Adaptive Broadcast for Inter-Vehicle Communications [C]. Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC 2008). Beijing, China, May.19-23, 2008:410-414.
[22] Abderrahim B. Optimized Dissemination of Alarm Messages in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) [C]. Proc. of 7th IEEE International Conference on High Speed Networks and Multimedia Communications (HSNMC 2004), Toulouse, France, June 30 - July 2, 2004: 655-666.
[23] Yu S, Cho G. An Effective Message Flooding Method for Vehicle Safety Communication [C]. Proc. of the 3rd International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing (UIC 2006), Wuhan, China, Sep. 3-6. 2006: 1028-1037.
[24] Li Da, Huang Hong-yu, et al. A Distance-Based Directional Broadcast Protocol for Urban Vehicular Ad Hoc Network [C]. Proc. of International Conference on Wireless Communications: Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM 2007). Shanghai, China, Sept. 21-25, 2007: 1520-1523.
[25] Kim Tae-Hwan, Hong Won-Kee, Kim Hie-Cheol, et al. An Effective Data Dissemination in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network [C]. Proc. of the International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN 2007). Estoril, Portugal, Jan. 23-25, 2007: 295-304.
[26] Khakbaz S, Fathy M. A Reliable Method for Disseminating Safety Information in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Considering Fragmentation Problem [C]. Proc. of the Fourth International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications, 2008 (ICC 2008). Athens, Greece, July 27-August 1, 2008:25-30.
[27] The Network Simulator ns-2 [EB/OL]. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/. 2008.
Full Text: PDF