AERIA: Extending SKOS for the Practical, yet Well-founded, Representation and Integration of Web Schemas in the Large
Abstract
Multi-layered repositories of schemas can be exploited to provide organizations that deal with a large amount of data sources with an integrated view on the overall information managed. In order to support semantic Web schema representation and integration in the large users must be provided with light-weight languages to represent and integrate the models, in particular avoiding the design of complex Tbox axioms. In this paper we present a language that aims to achieve a good balance between expressivity and ease of use, namely the binary subset of AERIA, and we define its conceptual syntax, its semantics, and its concrete syntax based on a SKOS extension. The SKOS extension we propose allows for representing light-weight Web schemas to support schema integration and abstraction by (i) extending SKOS with the capability to represent arbitrary relationships between concepts, (ii) extending SKOS with relations representing abstraction-based mappings among concepts, namely, interschema generalization, forgetting and collapsing relations. Since the proposed approach is compliant with available tools developed for semantic Web languages, tool support to design multi-layered repositories of Web schemas is provided. The approach is illustrated by means of a case study discussed throughout the paper.
References
Kumar, S.: Data governance: An approach to effective data management. White paper, Satyam Computer Services, Ltd. (2008)
SAS: The value of integrated metadata: Sas R open metadata architecture. Technical report, SAS, SAS Campus Drive, Cary, NC 27513 USA (2004)
Hauch, R., Miller, A., Cardwell, R.: Information intelligence: metadata for information discovery, access, and integration. In: SIGMOD ’05: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data, New York, NY, USA, ACM (2005) 793–798
Artale, A., Calvanese, D., Kontchakov, R., Ryzhikov, V., Zakharyaschev, M.: Reasoning over extended er models. In: Proc. of the 26th Int. Conf. on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2007). Volume 4801 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science., Springer (2007) 277–292
Batini, C., Di Battista, G., Santucci, G.: Structuring primitives for a dictionary of entity relationship data schemas. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 19 (1993) 344–365
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/32.223803
Batini, C., Barone, D., Garasi, M., Viscusi, G.: Design and use of er repositories: Methodologies and experiences in egovernment initiatives. In Embley, D.W., Oliv’e, A., Ram, S., eds.: ER. Volume 4215 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science., Springer (2006) 399–412
Miles, A., Matthews, B., Wilson, M., Brickley, D.: Skos core: simple knowledge organisation for the web. In: DCMI ’05: Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Dublin Core and metadata applications, Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (2005) 1–9
Staab, S., Studer, R.: Handbook on Ontologies (International Handbooks on Information Systems). SpringerVerlag (2004)
Noy, N.F.: Semantic integration: a survey of ontologybased approaches. SIGMOD Rec. 33 (2004) 65–70
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1041410.1041421
Hepp, M.: Possible ontologies: How reality constrains the development of relevant ontologies. IEEE Internet Computing 11 (2007) 90–96
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MIC.2007.20
Palmonari, M., Batini, C.: Representing and integrating light-weight semantic web models in the large. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Scalable Semantic Web Knowledge Base Systems (SSWS 2009). (2009)
Calvanese, D., Lembo, D., Lenzerini, M., Rosati, R.: Dllite: Tractable description logics for ontologies. In: In Proc. of AAAI 2005. (2005) 602–607
Ghidini, C., Kump, B., Lindstaedt, S.N., Mahbub, N., Pammer, V., Rospocher, M., Serafini, L.: Moki: The enterprise modelling wiki. In Aroyo, L., Traverso, P., Ciravegna, F., Cimiano, P., Heath, T., Hyv¨onen, E., Mizoguchi, R., Oren, E., Sabou, M., Simperl, E.P.B., eds.: ESWC. Volume 5554 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science., Springer (2009) 831–835
Palmonari, M., Batini, C.: Abstract ERIA: a web language for conceptual metadata integration and abstraction in the large. In: MEDES ’09: Proceedings of the International Conference on Management of Emergent Digital EcoSystems, New York, NY, USA, ACM (2009) 117–125
Kashyap, V., Borgida, A.: Representing the umls semantic network using owl: (or ”what’s in a semantic web link?”). In Fensel, D., Sycara, K.P., Mylopoulos, J., eds.: International Semantic Web Conference. Volume 2870 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science., Springer (2003) 1–16
Castano, S., De Antonellis, V., Fugini, M.G., Pernici, B.: Conceptual schema analysis: techniques and applications. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 23 (1998) 286–333
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/293910.293150
Dahchour, M., Pirotte, A., Zim’anyi, E.: Generic relationships in information modeling. J. Data Semantics IV 3730 (2005) 1–34
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11603412_1
Keet, C.M.: Enhancing comprehension of ontologies and conceptual models through abstractions. In: AI*IA ’07: Proceedings of the 10th Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence on AI*IA 2007, Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag (2007) 813–821
Madhavan, J., Jeffery, S.R., Cohen, S., (luna Dong, X., Ko, D., Yu, C., Halevy, A., Inc, G.: Web-scale data integration: You can only afford to pay as you go. In: In Proc. of CIDR-07. (2007)
Mei, J., Xie, G.T., Zhang, L., Liu, S., Schloss, R.J., Pan, Y., Ni, Y.: Umrr: Towards an enterprise-wide web of models. In Bizer, C., Joshi, A., eds.: International Semantic Web Conference (Posters & Demos). Volume 401 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings., CEUR-WS.org (2008)
Paslaru, E., Simperl, B., Tempich, C., Sure, Y.: Ontocom: A cost estimation model for ontology engineering. In: In Proceedings of the 5th International Semantic Web Conference ISWC2006. (2006)
Palmonari, M., Batini, C.: Representing and integrating light-weight semantic web models in the large. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Scalable Semantic Web Knowledge Base Systems (SSWS 2009). (2009)
Tavana, M., Joglekar, P., Redmond, M.A.: An automated entity-relationship clustering algorithm for conceptual database design. Inf. Syst. 32 (2007) 773–792
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2006.07.001
Mylopoulos, J., Borgida, A., Jarke, M., Koubarakis, M.: Telos: Representing knowledge about information systems. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 8 (1990) 325–362
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/102675.102676
Calvanese, D., Lenzerini, M., Nardi, D.: Unifying classbased representation formalisms. J. of Artificial Intelligence Research 11 (1999) 199–240
Xu, Z., Cao, X., Dong, Y., Su, W.: Formal approach and automated tool for translating er schemata into owl ontologies. In Dai, H., Srikant, R., Zhang, C., eds.: PAKDD. Volume 3056 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science., Springer (2004) 464–475
Coffey, J.W., Hoffman, R.R., Ca˜nas, A.J.: Concept mapbased knowledge modeling: perspectives from information and knowledge visualization. Information Visualization 5 (2006) 192–201
http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500129
Kr¨otzsch, M., Vrandeˇci’c, D., V¨olkel, M., Haller, H., Studer, R.: Semantic wikipedia. Web Semant. 5 (2007) 251–261
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2007.09.001
Calvanese, D., Giacomo, G.D., Lenzerini, M., Nardi, D., Rosati, R.: Description logic framework for information integration. In: KR. (1998) 2–13
Euzenat, J., Shvaiko, P.: Ontology matching. Springer- Verlag, Heidelberg (DE) (2007) Batini, C., Ceri, S., Navathe, S.B.: Conceptual database design: an Entity-relationship approach. Benjamin- Cummings Publishing Co., Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA (1992)
Campbell, L.J., Halpin, T.A., Proper, H.A.: Conceptual schemas with abstractions making flat conceptual schemas more comprehensible. Data Knowl. Eng. 20 (1996) 39–85
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-023X(96)00005-5
Wang, Z., Wang, K., Topor, R.W., Pan, J.Z.: Forgetting concepts in dl-lite. In Bechhofer, S., Hauswirth, M., Hoffmann, J., Koubarakis, M., eds.: ESWC. Volume 5021 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science., Springer (2008) 245–257
Sousa, P., de Jesus, L.P., Pereira, G., e Abreu, F.B.: Clustering relations into abstract er schemas for database reverse engineering. Sci. Comput. Program. 45 (2002) 137–153
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6423(02)00057-6
Full Text: PDF


