A Hopping Code for MMFSK in a Power-line Channel

Abstract

A uniformly distributed hopping code (UDHC) suitable for M-levelled M-ary Frequency Shift Keying (MMFSK) and Multi-tone MMFSK (M3FSK) modulation schemes is introduced. The proposed code is designed with the requirements that it utilises all the available frequencies within the symbol period and that it is uniformly distributed, thereby making it efficient in terms of spectral usage and also easier to detect at the receiver. We have included simulation results which show that the UDHC shows better bit error rate (BER) performance in a frequency selective channel characterised by impulsive noise when compared to a pseudo-random hopping code (PRHC) and some purposely designed codes.